Here is the Lovell citation: Lovell, K., Marks, I. M., Noshirvani, H., Thrasher, S., & Livanou, M. (2001). Do cognitive and exposure treatments improve various PTSD symptoms differentially? A randomized controlled trial. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 107-112. From the abstract: This study...investigated the impact of exposure therapy and cognitive restructuring alone and combined on the individual symptoms of PTSD and on associated features. Exposure therapy was expected to act mainly on fear and avoidance, and cognitive restructuring mainly on detachment, restricted range of affect, and associated features of PTSD...The active treatments were superior to relaxation in improving clusters of PTSD symptoms and associated features and some but not all individual symptoms and associated features of PtSD. Exposure and cognitive restructuring improved almost all individual symptoms similarly.
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