I am intrigued with the study conducted by Pitman et al (1996) which showed that in a controlled component analysis study of 17 chronic outpatient veterans, subjects were randomly divided into two EMDR treatment groupings, - one group using eye movement and a control group that used a combination of forced eye fixation, hand taps and hand waving. Six sessions were administered for a single memory in each condition. Both groups showed significant decreases in self-reported distress, intrusion, and avoidance symptoms. As far as I have been informed, Shapiro now describes the treatment as "Reprocessing Therapy" and that no eye movements are required for the treatment. My Question: Is it possible that NONE of these movements are needed to restructure memory?
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