Many authors have written of "rapturous shame," of the pleasure experienced when raging, and of the relief obtained when giving off the keening wail of anguish. One might therefore think that it makes no sense to label two affects positive, surprise-startle too brief to have a flavor, and the remaining six affects decidedly negative. Yet the reason is very simple and clear. We are "wired" to want to maintain and increase our experience of the positive affects, and similarly "wired" to want to halt the negative affects. The positive affects are rewarding in and of themselves, while the negative affects are punishing in and of themselves. This is the only reason the affects are divided into two categories.