I did a doctoral dissertation on "Shame and Violence in Men who Batter." back in '88. It was an empirical project, utilizing David Cook's instrument to measure shame...as well as Straus's Violence scales and an instrument on "social desireability." I find the subject of shame extremely relevant in the treatment of men who batter, and appreciate Don Nathanson's work greatly. Great to read all this expansive thinking on this limitless topic! Keith Wiger.