Rich, ....After thirty years of social work and seeing the "needle and the damage done" and " the punch and the damage done" and "the gun and the damage done" I have NO sympathy for the devil. I think what "erked" (past tense of erk) me the most is the implication of what you were saying or maybe I mispercieved and need clarification. Are you suggesting that the abused individual becomes a "co dependent". I understand co dependency when it comes to drug and alcohol abuse and even when it comes to the abuse of greed and power (common in our cuulture) but I cannot accept the application of co dependency when it comes to a person abusing another (mental or physical).If you have ever looked into the eyes of a young woman who has finally escaped the mental and physical abuse of her lover I cannot see how you can define that relationship as a co-dependent one. If I have misunderstood what you said please clarify. If what I think you said is what you actually said than you will get NO sympathy here. I hope this is civil enough for you because this is about as civil as I get when it comes to social predators!..............ED