I liked definition of Jeffery Zeigs. I would add one additional aspect. It is the ability to influenced by what exists in the environment, the flexibility to change our own style of talking. Response time is a good measure of utilization. When trained as an analyist my response time was "the next session" (ONLY after supervision). As I got older and paradoxically faster I could respond 'on the fly'. Good training lessens the time between seeing/understanding/doing. Three ideas are underpins of this 'technique': sensitivity, flexibility, and a belief that the client has what it takes. As for comparing it to 'empathy' I think it is modern american plastic emapthy. I tell my students that empathy is very important only when you are not helping. baruch from Jerusalem