Various causations

EMDR (Shapiro)

Differential Treatment Effects by Francine Shapiro, 7/22/97
- EMDR. .Approaching Panic and Agoraphobia by jthiret@ouray.cudenver.edu, 3/2/99

Various causations

by Shapiro, 3/3/99

I'm sorry, but I'm not understanding your question. I believe that any of the disorders you mentioned can be launched by untreated childhood traumas. I also believe that some cases of panic can be organic/biochemical. EMDR can be effective when there is an experiential contributor to the disorder. I discuss the issues for panic and agoraphobia in the book "EMDR."

I wish you well in your treatment.

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