ABSTRACT: Investigated the efficacy of individual and group cognitive-behavioral therapy for 182 elderly low-income and minority primary care patients over 60 yrs old. Demographic and treatment outcome data covering a 5-yr period were abstracted from clinical records from San Francisco General Hospital's Depression Clinic. In a naturalistic treatment setting, older adults who were initially depressed improved after 16 wks of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Although patients were not randomly assigned to treatments, patients in both individual and group therapy improved. The findings demonstrate that depression in medically ill elderly patients can be treated with a psychosocial intervention.