Gerhard, reading your astonishing message (astonishing because I had never heard of these Gestalt psychological distinctions) I wonder: Am I right assuming that this is what Wolfgang Kohler found out experimenting with his chimpanzees on Tenerifa? That they were capable of solving problems by variations of figure / ground formation? And could you please give me the exact source for the GOTTSCHALDT text you mention in your post? Is it in English?
Raoul Claret