Re: EMDR, CBT and emotion (part 1)

I stated that other forms of bilateral stimulation, such as tones and taps were found to work clinically and were included as alternatives in EMDR applications in 1990. It came about when clinicians working with blind people and children who wouldn't make eye contact found them to be successful. So eye movement is not "necessary" because other stimulation can be substituted. And if you remove all bilateral stimulation you will still get positive effects because of the rest of the integrative procedures. The question is how much do they add, and I believe they assist in rapidity of effects and are incrementally necessary for certain types of targets. Unfortunately, the prescribed numbers (ala Kazdin) to test for component analyses (e.g., 35-50 per cell) have not been done with diagnosed populations. The criteria of single trauma PTSD and sufficient number of subjects I've outlined over 6 years ago hasn't been done.

Don, I'd appreciate it if you'd contact me directly through inst@emdr.com

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